particulate β glucan wgp  (InvivoGen)

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD‐L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β‐glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.1111/cas.15919

Figure Lengend Snippet: WGP β‐glucan administration converted serum Treg cell numbers and restored T‐cell immunity. (A) The PBMCs from an OSCC patient were gated as CD4 + /CD25 + /FOXp3 + to detect Treg cell numbers before and after administration of 900 mg of β‐glucan twice a day for 14 consecutive days (3.11% vs. 2.02%). (B) Significantly reduced Treg cell numbers were noted after the administration of β‐glucan ( p = 0.004). (C) The CD4 + /CD8 + ratio significantly increased after β‐glucan administration (left panel, p = 0.045). CD4 + T‐cell numbers increased and reached a significant difference after WGP, but CD8 + T‐cell numbers did not reach the significance (right panel, p < 0.001, p = 0.334) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: According to the safety instructions of the manufacturer (Biothera Corporation), WGP particulate β‐glucan was isolated from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Techniques:

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD‐L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β‐glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.1111/cas.15919

Figure Lengend Snippet: WGP β‐glucan suppressed oral cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. (A) To examine the WGP effect on oral cancer cells via the dectin‐1 receptor, SAS and TW2.6 showed stable cell lines with reliable transient transfection and were applied in a subsequent functional assay based on their significant differential expression levels ( p = 0.0006). (B) WGP affected cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner and significantly mitigated cell numbers from the third day at a concentration of ≥200 μg/mL in triplicate (left panel, p = 0.035, right panel, p = 0.017). (C) Cell migration and invasion were also attenuated after pretreatment with WGP. Significantly lower OD values were observed for cells pretreated at a concentration of WGP 50 and 100 μg/mL, in comparison with the control (upper and lower middle panels, p = 0.001, p = 0.001; upper and lower right panels, p = 0.001, p = 0.001) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: According to the safety instructions of the manufacturer (Biothera Corporation), WGP particulate β‐glucan was isolated from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Techniques: Migration, Stable Transfection, Transfection, Functional Assay, Quantitative Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Comparison, Control

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD‐L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β‐glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.1111/cas.15919

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of WGP β‐glucan on immunosuppressive Treg cells and cancer cell apoptosis through the p‐Erk/p‐p53 and caspase 3 pathway are as follows: (A) PBMCs isolated from the sera of OSCC patients were added with the 5 μg/uL of EVs secreted by SAS/TW2.6 cells pretreated with/without 0.1 mM arecoline, and Treg cells (CD4+/CD25+) were immunoblotted and gated by flow cytometry. The number of Treg cells induced by EVs and arecoline‐induced EVs significantly increased. However, 800 μg/mL of WGP β‐glucan reduced the number of immunosuppressive Treg cells. (B) Next, SAS/TW2.6 were co‐cultured with different concentrations of WGP β‐glucan from 0–800 μg/mL for 72 h to detect the cell proliferation ability. It showed that the ratio of apoptosis and G2 phase arrest was parallel to the WGP β‐glucan concentration in two cell lines. (C) To further detect the mechanism of cell apoptosis, as the concentration of WGP β‐glucan increased, the secretion of phosphorylated p‐Erk and p‐ser15‐p53 increased. p‐Erk/p‐p53 proteins were suggested to be significantly involved in promoting cell apoptosis at a concentration of ≥200 μg/mL (left panel). The p‐Erk and p‐p53 proteins were significantly higher than that of the control group (black curve) when WGP β‐glucan was added at a concentration of 800 and 1000 μg/mL, respectively (right panel). (D) The western blot of cleaved‐caspase 3 showed significantly higher at the concentration of 400ug/ml than the control. (Figure 8D, p < 0.001, p < 0.01) (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: According to the safety instructions of the manufacturer (Biothera Corporation), WGP particulate β‐glucan was isolated from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Techniques: Isolation, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture, Concentration Assay, Control, Western Blot

Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: Metastasis and immunosuppression promoted by mtDNA and PD‐L1 in extracellular vesicles are reversed by WGP β‐glucan in oral squamous cell carcinoma

doi: 10.1111/cas.15919

Figure Lengend Snippet: The schematic pathway of OSCC cells showed that arecoline induced ROS production and promoted the secretion of mtDNA D‐loop and PD‐L1, packaged by EVs to upregulate immunosuppressive Treg cells. WGP β‐glucan converted Treg cell immunosuppression and promoted oral cancer cell apoptosis via p‐Erk/p‐p53 and caspase 3 pathways.

Article Snippet: According to the safety instructions of the manufacturer (Biothera Corporation), WGP particulate β‐glucan was isolated from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae .

Techniques:

Journal: Food & function

Article Title: Bacterial components are the major contributors to the macrophage stimulating activity exhibited by extracts of common edible mushrooms

doi: 10.1039/c6fo00562d

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro macrophage stimulatory activity of extracts from 13 different types of edible mushrooms is due to components that are inactivated by treatment with NaOH. TNF-alpha production was evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to untreated and 0.5M NaOH treated extracts (a), and NaOH treated extracts plus ultra pure LPS at 10ng/ml (b). Pam3CSK4 (P) was tested at 100ng/ml and ultra pure LPS at 10ng/ml (L10) and 100ng/ml (L100). S. cerevisiae particulate beta glucan (G) and NaOH treated beta glucan (NG) were evaluated at 100μg/ml alone and together with ultra pure LPS at 10ng/ml (G+L, NG+L). Numbers below bars correspond to sample numbers in Table 1. Concentrations of both untreated and NaOH treated samples in the culture medium represent extract from 100 (samples 1–15), 40 (samples 16–25) and 16 (sample 26) μg of mushroom material/ml. (C) refers to untreated cells.

Article Snippet: S. cerevisiae particulate beta-glucan (WGP ® dispersible) was from Biothera (St. Paul, MN).

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay